
Capital grants or subsidies will enhance the financial viability of the project, thus reducing the risk of project which is not otherwise financially viable. Senior debt in the form of project loans will help to bring down the overall cost, and at the same time become a source of long-term finance, giving some comfort to the private investors that concessional loans are available from the public source. Micro-financing allows the rural households to access finance for small-scale RETs such as solar home systems or improved cook stoves. [pdf]
In this context, the study provides an in-depth description of investment needs in Nepal, available resources of funds and financing strategies for infrastructural development while highlighting a wide array of infrastructure sectors in Nepal ranging from transport, energy, telecommunication, and power.
The SDGs have been integrated into Nepal's national plans, including the 15th National Development Plan and the national SDG Status and Roadmap (2016-2030) document. However, as with many other countries, there exists a wide institutional disconnect between the planning process and budgeting and financing processes for development.
Overview of regulatory environment Nepal doesn’t have standalone national policy, legal or regulatory framework for infrastructure investment. So far, the focus of the private sector and the government has been in the hydro-power sector.
This publication has been issued without formal editing. Infrastructure gaps present a significant challenge for Nepal’s short and longer-term development goals. To provide a comprehensive picture of the required investments, the study reviews the period plans, development reports, and updated data from the Ministry of Finance.
The Government of Nepal under The Investment Board Act (Act 7) institutionalized an Investment Board to create “an investment friendly environment for mobilizing and managing Public-Private Partnership, co-operative and domestic and foreign private investment required for the development of infrastructure and other sectors” (Ahmed, et al., 2012).
The statements also declared that infrastructure bank should require minimum paid up capital of NRS 20 billion and it can be entirely financed with domestic investment or jointly with foreign investors (Sigdel, 2016) (Nepal Rastra Bank, 2016). The policy also requires banks and financial institutions to increase the minimum paid up capital.

Most of the renewable electricity generation (RES) plants in operation or under development already include battery energy storage (BESS) capacity. 11 contracts have already been signed for funding under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). 15 other projects will get financial support from the Modernisation Fund in the first quarter of this year, under a call for projects open until 17 February, with a total budget of 150 million euros. [pdf]
Today, the Minister of Energy, Sebastian Burduja, announced on Facebook that an additional €150 million will be invested in Romania’s energy sector. "I am pleased to announce that the Ministry of Energy is launching a new call for projects financed through the Modernization Fund, aimed at investments in energy storage capacities (batteries).
The projects must focus on building new energy storage capacities in Romania," the minister stated. According to the minister, as quoted by ZF.ro, the total budget for this state aid scheme is €150 million in non-reimbursable funds sourced from the Modernization Fund.
Other Romania-based companies, such as Parapet and Waldevar Energy, have told pv magazine that adding BESS to their renewable assets is a top priority. The May edition of pv magazine features an in-depth look at Romania’s solar and energy storage markets.
At the beginning of 2025, Romania boasts approximately 3,000 MW in wind energy and 1,500 MW in solar energy. An additional 2,424 MW in wind and solar projects is expected to be operational in 2025, attracting over €2 billion in investments. Romania’s Energy Goals for 2030 Achieve over 32,000 MW in total capacity by 2030.
“As other European BESS markets become increasingly saturated, Romania stands out,” said Evangelos Gazis, Aurora’s head of Southeastern Europe, adding that the investment case for storage is strengthened by wind and solar’s rapid expansion driving high volatility in wholesale and balancing markets. Interesting activity
The BESS market in Romania is heating up, say local analysts and insiders. Irene Mihai, policy officer at the Romanian Photovoltaic Industry Association (RPIA) recently told pv magazine that a realistic target for the utility-scale BESS segment in Romania “would be around 2 GWh (around 1 GW of installed capacity)” for 2030.

The State Environmental Fund of the Czech Republic has been determined as the beneficiary of resources from the Modernisation Fund in the. . The Modernisation Fund primarily draws funds from the monetisation of 2 % of the total number of emission allowances in the EU ETS system for the period 2021-2030. It focuses on the following. . How big is the Modernisation Fund allocation? The total sum available to the Czech Republic at the current prices of emission allowances is a minimum of 300 billion koruna. This sum is 15.6 % of the total resources in the Modernisation Fund. This money is the revenue. [pdf]
The mechanism of setting implementation of the Modernisation Fund, scheduling into areas which should contribute toward achievement of the Czech Republic’s climate targets, and other overarching information can be found at General Programme Document for Implementation of the Modernisation Fund in the Czech Republic (Czech version).
The total sum available to the Czech Republic at the current prices of emission allowances is a minimum of 300 billion koruna. This sum is 15.6 % of the total resources in the Modernisation Fund. This money is the revenue of the State Environmental Fund of the Czech Republic.
Furthermore, 30 per cent of the ERDF and 37 per cent of the Cohesion Fund is expected to be earmarked for climate objectives. However, using an alternative methodology to the government’s, we found that the Czech Republic’s climate spending does not reach the overall target of 30 per cent.
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